Angelman Syndrome is a rare neuro-genetic disorder which is caused by a genetic mutation or deletion on chromosome 15. It is usually caused by a deletion of genetic material on the maternal chromosome 15, although it can also result from a mutation or other chromosomal abnormality on the paternal chromosome 15. The exact cause of the mutation or deletion is not known.
Symptoms of Angelman Syndrome
Angelman Syndrome usually presents with a variety of physical, developmental, and behavioral symptoms. Common physical symptoms include jerky or uncoordinated movements, a flat back of the head, difficulty speaking, and a wide-eyed, open mouth appearance. Common developmental delays include delayed motor skills, language skills, and social skills. Behavioral symptoms can include hyperactivity, short attention span, and sleep disturbances.
Diagnosis of Angelman Syndrome
Angelman Syndrome is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical exams, developmental assessments, and genetic testing. Physical exams can reveal the characteristic facial features and motor delays associated with the syndrome. Developmental assessments can uncover the delays in language, motor, and social skills. Genetic testing can determine if a deletion or mutation is present on the maternal or paternal chromosome 15.
Treatment of Angelman Syndrome
There is no known cure for Angelman Syndrome, but early intervention can help to improve the outcomes for those affected. Treatment typically involves physical, occupational, and speech therapies to help manage the physical and developmental delays associated with the syndrome. Medications such as anticonvulsants and antipsychotics may also be used to help manage the behavioral symptoms.