Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is difficult to detect in its early stages because it often does not cause any symptoms. Symptoms typically do not appear until the disease has progressed. The most common symptoms of ovarian cancer are pelvic or abdominal pain, feeling full quickly after eating, and increased abdominal size. Other symptoms may include feeling the need to urinate frequently, nausea, and changes in bowel habits.
Risk Factors of Ovarian Cancer
There are certain factors that can increase the risk of developing ovarian cancer. These include having a family history of ovarian cancer, having a personal history of breast cancer, having never been pregnant, and being over the age of 50. Other risk factors include having endometriosis, using estrogen or progesterone hormone replacement therapy, using fertility drugs, and having a genetic mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene.
Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer
If ovarian cancer is suspected, a doctor will typically order a pelvic exam, a blood test, and an ultrasound. If anything looks suspicious, a doctor may also order a biopsy. This is a procedure in which a sample of tissue is taken from the ovaries and examined under a microscope. This is the best way to confirm a diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
Treatment for ovarian cancer typically involves surgery to remove the cancerous tissue, followed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Surgery may involve removing one or both ovaries, the uterus, and other nearby tissues. Chemotherapy and radiation may be used to shrink any remaining cancerous cells and reduce the risk of the cancer returning.
Prevention of Ovarian Cancer
Unfortunately, there is no sure way to prevent ovarian cancer. However, there are certain steps that can be taken to lower the risk. These include maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, avoiding hormone replacement therapy, and eating a healthy diet. Women may also consider having their ovaries and fallopian tubes removed if they have a family history of ovarian cancer.