Adrenal insufficiency is a medical condition in which the adrenal glands are not producing enough hormones. There are two types of adrenal insufficiency: primary and secondary. Primary adrenal insufficiency is caused by a dysfunction of the adrenal glands themselves, while secondary adrenal insufficiency is caused by a problem with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.
Signs and Symptoms of Adrenal Insufficiency
The most common signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency include fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, muscle weakness, and decreased appetite. Other signs and symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, joint pain, dizziness, depression, and anxiety.
When to Suspect Adrenal Insufficiency
Adrenal insufficiency should be suspected in people who have a combination of the following signs and symptoms: fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, muscle weakness, and decreased appetite. People who have any of these signs and symptoms should see their doctor for a proper diagnosis.
Diagnosis of Adrenal Insufficiency
A doctor will usually perform a physical exam and ask questions about the patient's medical history. Blood tests and other tests may also be ordered to confirm the diagnosis. A doctor may also order a stimulation test to measure how well the adrenal glands are functioning.
Treatment of Adrenal Insufficiency
The treatment for adrenal insufficiency depends on the underlying cause. In most cases, treatment involves taking hormone replacement medications. Other treatments may include lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly.