Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia
Hemolytic anemia occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can replace them. Common symptoms of hemolytic anemia include fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), dark urine, rapid heartbeat, and an enlarged spleen.
Causes of Hemolytic Anemia
Hemolytic anemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including inherited conditions, certain medications, autoimmune disorders, infections, and tumors. Inherited conditions that can cause hemolytic anemia include sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and G6PD deficiency. Additionally, certain medications, such as penicillin, can cause hemolytic anemia in some people. Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, can also be a cause of hemolytic anemia. Infections can also cause hemolytic anemia, such as malaria, babesiosis, and Epstein-Barr virus. Finally, tumors can cause hemolytic anemia, such as certain leukemias and lymphomas.
Diagnosis of Hemolytic Anemia
A doctor will typically diagnose hemolytic anemia through a physical examination, medical history, and a complete blood count. The doctor may also order additional tests to determine the cause of the hemolytic anemia, such as a urine test, a blood smear, a reticulocyte count, and genetic testing.
Treatment of Hemolytic Anemia
Treatment of hemolytic anemia will depend on the underlying cause. For inherited conditions, such as sickle cell anemia, treatment may include blood transfusions, antibiotics, and medications to prevent complications. For autoimmune disorders, medications such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants may be prescribed. For infections, antibiotics or antimalarial medications may be prescribed. Finally, for tumors, chemotherapy or radiation may be necessary.
