Emphysema caused by smoking is known as "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" (COPD). COPD is a progressive lung disease that is caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke, airborne chemicals, or dust. COPD is characterized by the obstruction of air flow in the lungs, making breathing difficult and reducing the amount of oxygen that can be inhaled.
Symptoms of COPD
The most common symptoms of COPD caused by smoking are coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Other symptoms may include chest tightness, an increased mucus production, and fatigue. The symptoms of COPD often worsen over time and can lead to serious complications such as lung infections, heart failure, and respiratory failure.
Diagnosis of COPD
The diagnosis of COPD is based on a physical examination, a detailed medical history, and a variety of tests such as pulmonary function tests, chest x-rays, and CT scans. COPD is diagnosed based on the presence of two or more of the following: persistent shortness of breath, a chronic cough, and/or sputum production.
Treatment of COPD
Treatment for COPD caused by smoking may include medications, lifestyle changes, and oxygen therapy. Medications such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation and improve breathing. Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, avoiding secondhand smoke, and avoiding exposure to airborne irritants can help reduce symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Oxygen therapy may also be recommended in some cases to help improve the patient's quality of life.