Addison's disease is a rare, chronic condition that affects the endocrine system. It is caused by the destruction of the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. The destruction of the adrenal glands leads to a decrease in the production of hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone. Without these hormones, the body is unable to regulate its metabolism and other functions.
Causes of Addison's Disease
The most common cause of Addison's disease is an autoimmune process. This occurs when the body's immune system attacks the adrenal glands, leading to their destruction. Other causes of Addison's disease include infections, tumors, and the use of certain medications.
Symptoms of Addison's Disease
The symptoms of Addison's disease can vary from person to person, but generally include fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, muscle weakness, darkening of the skin, and low blood sugar.
Diagnosis of Addison's Disease
To diagnose Addison's disease, a doctor will typically perform a physical exam and order blood tests to measure the levels of cortisol and aldosterone. In some cases, imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan may be used to evaluate the adrenal glands.
Treatment of Addison's Disease
Treatment of Addison's disease typically involves taking hormone replacement therapy to correct the hormone imbalance. In addition, lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly may help to improve symptoms.