Chiari malformation is a neurological disorder caused by a structural defect in the cerebellum, the lower part of the brain. It occurs when part of the cerebellum extends into the spinal canal. The exact cause is unknown, but there are certain substances that have been linked to the development of this condition.
Genetics
Chiari malformation is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. People with a family history of the condition are more likely to develop it. Certain genetic mutations have been linked to Chiari malformation, including those that affect the development of the brain and skull as well as those that affect the development of the spine.
Infections
Infections such as meningitis, encephalitis, and brain abscesses can cause Chiari malformation. These infections can cause inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, which can lead to the formation of a structural defect in the cerebellum.
Tumors
Tumors can cause pressure to build up in the brain and spinal cord, which can lead to the formation of a Chiari malformation. Tumors can also cause blockages in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
Trauma
Head trauma and other types of physical trauma can also lead to the development of a Chiari malformation. This is because trauma can cause swelling in the brain and spinal cord, which can lead to a structural defect in the cerebellum.
Medication
Certain medications, such as steroids, can cause swelling in the brain and spinal cord, which can lead to the formation of a Chiari malformation.
Chemicals
Exposure to certain chemicals, such as heavy metals, can also lead to the development of a Chiari malformation. These chemicals can cause inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, which can lead to the formation of a structural defect in the cerebellum.