Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory and chronic type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. It is a progressive disorder that can lead to severe disability and decreased quality of life.
What Mutation Causes Ankylosing Spondylitis?
The underlying cause of ankylosing spondylitis is not completely understood. However, it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The most common genetic mutation associated with ankylosing spondylitis is the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 gene. Approximately 90% of people with ankylosing spondylitis have this gene. This gene affects the body's immune system and can cause inflammation in the joints.
How is Ankylosing Spondylitis Diagnosed?
Ankylosing spondylitis is typically diagnosed based on the patient's medical history, physical examination, imaging tests, and blood tests. The most commonly used blood test is the HLA-B27 test. This test looks for the presence of the HLA-B27 gene, which is associated with ankylosing spondylitis. If the HLA-B27 gene is found, the patient is more likely to have ankylosing spondylitis.
What are the Treatments for Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Treatment for ankylosing spondylitis includes medications to reduce inflammation, physical therapy to improve mobility, and lifestyle changes to reduce pain and disability. Medications typically used to treat ankylosing spondylitis include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Physical therapy can help improve flexibility, posture, and range of motion. Lifestyle modifications that can help reduce symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis include regular exercise, avoiding activities that put strain on the spine, yoga, and using cold therapy.