Chiari malformation is a neurological disorder that occurs when the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls balance, descends into the spinal canal. It is a structural defect in the rear of the skull, causing pressure on the cerebellum and the brain stem. Although it can be present at birth, the cause is not always known. In some cases, it can be caused by trauma, such as a severe blow to the head or neck.
Head Trauma
Head injuries can cause Chiari malformation in some cases. A sudden, severe blow to the head or neck can cause the cerebellum to be displaced, resulting in pressure on the brain stem. This type of trauma can be caused by car accidents, contact sports, or falls. In some cases, it can be caused by a violent shaking of the head or neck, known as a whiplash injury.
Spinal Trauma
Injuries to the spine can also cause Chiari malformation. Trauma to the upper spine can disrupt the normal alignment of the spinal cord and skull, resulting in pressure on the cerebellum and brain stem. This type of trauma can be caused by car accidents, falls, or sports injuries.
Birth Trauma
In some cases, Chiari malformation can be caused by trauma during the birthing process. If a baby is stuck in the birth canal for too long, or if the birthing process is too difficult, it can cause the head to be compressed too much, resulting in pressure on the cerebellum and brain stem.
Diagnosis
Chiari malformation is usually diagnosed through an MRI or CT scan. These imaging tests can show if the cerebellum has descended into the spinal canal, and if there is any pressure on the brain stem. If trauma is suspected as the cause of the malformation, a physician may order additional tests to determine the type and severity of the trauma.