Unstable angina pectoris is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. It is a more severe form of angina pectoris, also known as angina. This type of chest pain is more likely to occur during physical activity or emotional stress and is not relieved by rest or medication. Unstable angina pectoris can be a sign of a heart attack and requires immediate medical attention.
Symptoms of Unstable Angina Pectoris
The main symptom of unstable angina pectoris is chest pain. This pain usually occurs in the center of the chest and may spread to the arms, back, neck, or jaw. Other symptoms may include:
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea
• Sweating
• Lightheadedness
• Weakness
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Causes of Unstable Angina Pectoris
Unstable angina pectoris is usually caused by a narrowing or blockage in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. This blockage is usually caused by a buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can lead to a blood clot. Other causes may include:
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• High cholesterol
• Smoking
Diagnosis of Unstable Angina Pectoris
Your doctor will ask about your medical history and conduct a physical exam. They may also order tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) or a stress test to check your heart’s electrical activity and how it responds to physical activity. Other tests may include a blood test or an imaging test such as an echocardiogram or a computed tomography (CT) scan.
Treatment of Unstable Angina Pectoris
Treatment for unstable angina pectoris usually involves medications to reduce chest pain and improve blood flow to the heart. These medications may include nitroglycerin, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers. Other treatments may include angioplasty, which is a procedure to open up blocked arteries, or bypass surgery, which involves creating a new route for blood to flow to the heart.