Tumor markers are substances in the blood, body tissues, or other body fluids that can be measured to determine the presence of cancer. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a tumor marker that can be used to help diagnose certain types of cancers, including liver cancer.
What is Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)?
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein produced primarily by the liver and yolk sac of a developing fetus. It is normally found in the blood of pregnant women and in the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus. In adults, AFP is normally present in very small amounts.
How is AFP Used as a Tumor Marker?
When AFP levels are elevated, it may indicate the presence of certain types of cancer, including liver cancer. While an elevated AFP level may suggest the presence of cancer, it does not necessarily mean that the person has cancer. Other conditions, such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, and certain other types of cancer, may also cause elevated AFP levels.
What Types of Tests are Used to Detect AFP?
AFP is typically measured using a blood test. The results of the test are reported in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). The normal range of AFP levels for adults is usually 0-15 ng/mL. Levels of AFP higher than 15 ng/mL may suggest the presence of certain types of cancer.
What Should I Do if My AFP Level is Elevated?
If your AFP level is elevated, it is important to follow up with your doctor. Your doctor will likely order additional tests to determine the cause of the elevated AFP level. Depending on the results of the additional tests, your doctor may recommend further treatment or monitoring.