Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is an infection of the tissues that surround and support the teeth. It is caused by bacteria that live in the mouth and multiply in the plaque that builds up on the teeth. The bacteria attack the gum tissue, leading to inflammation and damage to the bones that support the teeth.
Bacteria as the Root Cause of Periodontal Disease
Bacteria are the primary cause of periodontal disease. When bacteria form a sticky film on the teeth, it is called plaque. If the plaque is not removed, it hardens into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional. The bacteria in the plaque and tartar produce toxins that irritate the gums, resulting in inflammation and infection.
Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease
In addition to bacterial plaque, there are several other risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing periodontal disease. These include smoking, diabetes, certain medications, genetics, stress, and a poor diet.
Treatment for Periodontal Disease
Treatment for periodontal disease usually involves a combination of professional dental cleaning, antibiotics, and other therapies. The goal of treatment is to reduce the amount of bacteria in the mouth and to remove the infected tissue. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to restore the health of the gums and supporting structures.