The rarest common allergy is Alpha-gal Syndrome. Alpha-gal syndrome is a rare allergic reaction to a carbohydrate called galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal). It is caused by a bite from the Lone Star tick, which is found in the eastern and southeastern United States. Symptoms of alpha-gal syndrome include hives, swelling, itching, and difficulty breathing. In some cases, it can even cause anaphylaxis.
Symptoms of Alpha-gal Syndrome
The most common symptoms of alpha-gal syndrome are:
• Hives
• Swelling of the lips, tongue, and throat
• Itching or burning sensation in the skin
• Difficulty breathing
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Anaphylaxis (in some cases)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Alpha-gal Syndrome
Alpha-gal syndrome is diagnosed through a blood test that checks for levels of IgE antibodies to alpha-gal. Treatment for alpha-gal syndrome includes avoidance of the Lone Star tick and other ticks, as well as avoidance of red meat, pork, and products containing alpha-gal. Medications such as antihistamines and epinephrine can also be used to treat symptoms.
