The primary treatment for an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) is immediate cessation of the transfusion, supportive care, and prompt medical management. The goal of supportive care is to maintain hemodynamic stability and prevent organ dysfunction. Specific treatment options for AHTR may include, but are not limited to:
Hemodialysis: Hemodialysis may be used to remove circulating antibodies and antigens, as well as breakdown products of hemolysis, from the circulation.
Plasma Exchange: This procedure involves removing the patient’s plasma and replacing it with donor plasma or plasma that has been treated to remove antibodies.
Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids can be used to reduce the inflammatory response and can be given orally, intravenously, or intramuscularly.
Immunosuppressants: Immunosuppressants may be used to reduce the activity of antibodies and can be given orally, intravenously, or intramuscularly.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a mixture of antibodies from healthy donors that can be used to neutralize antibodies that are causing the reaction.
Antihistamines: Antihistamines may be used to reduce or prevent some of the symptoms associated with the reaction, such as itching or hives.
Anticoagulants: Anticoagulants may be used to prevent or treat thrombosis, which can be a complication of AHTR.
It is important to note that the treatment of AHTR is individualized and should be tailored to the clinical presentation of the patient.
