Strangulation is a form of asphyxiation caused when something constricts or cuts off the air supply to the neck, usually by external pressure. It can be a potentially fatal form of violence, as it can result in brain damage and death due to oxygen deprivation. Understanding the physiology of strangulation is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of strangulation and to provide medical interventions when needed.
Anatomy of the Neck
The neck is composed of several components that are important in strangulation. The most important structures are the trachea, larynx, carotid arteries, jugular veins, and cervical vertebrae.
The trachea, or windpipe, is a flexible tube that carries air from the nose and mouth to the lungs. The larynx, or voice box, is a rigid structure with a voice-producing component called the vocal cords. The carotid arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the brain, while the jugular veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The cervical vertebrae form a protective column around the spinal cord.
Effects of Strangulation
Strangulation can cause a variety of physical and psychological effects. The most common effects are decreased blood flow to the brain, decreased oxygen delivery to the brain and other organs, and increased pressure in the neck and head, which can cause headaches and dizziness. Strangulation can also lead to difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness, and death.
Treatment for Strangulation
The most important step in treating strangulation is to remove the source of the constriction and provide oxygen to the victim. This can be done by loosening any constricting clothing, opening the airway, and providing oxygen via a mask or bag-valve-mask. Other treatments for strangulation may include providing fluids to restore blood volume and electrolyte balance, administering medications to reduce swelling of the throat, and providing psychological support to the victim.
