General asphyxia is a medical term referring to a decrease in the amount of oxygen reaching the brain and other organs, leading to unconsciousness, cardiac arrest, and ultimately death. The pathophysiology of general asphyxia is complex and involves a variety of physiological changes in the body.
Cardiovascular Changes
The most immediate effects of general asphyxia are changes in cardiovascular function. When oxygen levels drop, the body begins to compensate by increasing the heart rate and cardiac output. This increases the amount of oxygenated blood delivered to the tissues, but it also increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of aerobic metabolism and builds up in the bloodstream when the body is deprived of oxygen. This increased concentration of carbon dioxide can cause vasodilation, which leads to a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in the risk of arrhythmias.
Respiratory Changes
As oxygen levels drop, the respiratory system also begins to compensate. The body’s natural response to hypoxia is to increase the rate and depth of breathing, in an effort to increase the amount of oxygen reaching the lungs and bloodstream. This increased rate of respiration can lead to hyperventilation, which can cause dizziness and lightheadedness. Hyperventilation can also cause the body to expel too much carbon dioxide, leading to a decrease in the blood’s acidity (pH) and a condition known as respiratory alkalosis.
Neurological Changes
The most serious effect of general asphyxia is a decrease in the amount of oxygen reaching the brain. This can cause a variety of neurological changes, including confusion, loss of consciousness, and even seizures. As oxygen levels drop, the brain begins to shut down, leading to a condition known as cerebral hypoxia. This can cause permanent brain damage, and in severe cases, can lead to death.
General asphyxia can be a life-threatening condition, and it is important to seek medical attention immediately if you or someone else is experiencing symptoms. Early intervention can help to prevent long-term damage or death.
