Transverse myelitis is a neurological disorder caused by inflammation across both sides of one section of the spinal cord. It is a rare disorder that can cause a wide range of symptoms, including paralysis, sensory changes, and bladder and bowel dysfunction. The exact cause of transverse myelitis is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an autoimmune response in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in the spinal cord.
What Causes Transverse Myelitis?
The exact cause of transverse myelitis is unknown, but it is thought to be caused by an autoimmune reaction that results in inflammation of the spinal cord. This inflammation can damage the white matter of the spinal cord, which can lead to a variety of symptoms.
In some cases, transverse myelitis may be caused by an infection, such as a virus, bacteria, or parasites. Other potential causes include multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and neuromyelitis optica.
Risk Factors for Transverse Myelitis
The risk factors for transverse myelitis are not fully understood, but certain factors may increase an individual’s risk. These include a family history of autoimmune disorders, a recent viral or bacterial infection, and certain immunizations.
Diagnosis of Transverse Myelitis
A diagnosis of transverse myelitis is made based on a physical exam, medical history, and a neurological exam. Imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan, can also be used to confirm the diagnosis. In some cases, a lumbar puncture or spinal tap may be performed to rule out other causes of the symptoms.
Treatment for Transverse Myelitis
Treatment for transverse myelitis typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms, such as pain and muscle spasms. Physical therapy and occupational therapy may also be recommended to help improve strength and function. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged nerves.
