Hemolytic reactions are a type of immune response that occurs when red blood cells are destroyed by the body's own immune system. The most common cause of hemolytic reactions is an autoimmune disorder, where the body incorrectly identifies its own cells as foreign and attacks them. Other causes of hemolytic reactions include certain medications, infections, and inherited conditions.
Autoimmune Disorders
Autoimmune disorders are a group of conditions where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues. In the case of hemolytic reactions, the body mistakes its own red blood cells as foreign and destroys them. Common autoimmune disorders that can cause hemolytic reactions include lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes.
Medications
Certain medications can also cause hemolytic reactions. These include antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporins, anticonvulsants, and chemotherapy drugs. Generally, the side effects of these medications are mild and can be managed with regular monitoring.
Infections
Infections can also cause hemolytic reactions. Viral infections, such as hepatitis, HIV, and cytomegalovirus, are the most common cause of this type of reaction. Bacterial infections, such as brucellosis and leptospirosis, can also cause hemolytic reactions.
Inherited Conditions
Inherited conditions can also result in hemolytic reactions. These include sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and G6PD deficiency. In these cases, the red blood cells are destroyed due to an inherited genetic abnormality.
