Allergies are a reaction of the immune system to substances that are normally harmless to most people, such as pollen, dust, and foods. While some allergies are annoying, others can be life-threatening and need to be taken very seriously. The most serious type of allergy is anaphylaxis.
What is Anaphylaxis?
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen. Symptoms can include difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat and tongue, hives, a rapid pulse, and dizziness. Anaphylaxis can be triggered by a variety of substances, including food, insect stings, medications, and latex.
How is Anaphylaxis Treated?
Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention. Treatment typically involves the use of epinephrine, a medication that helps constrict the blood vessels and open up airways. Other medications may be given as well, such as antihistamines to reduce swelling or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
Who is at Risk of Anaphylaxis?
Anyone can develop anaphylaxis, but people with certain medical conditions, such as asthma, are at increased risk. People who have previously had an allergic reaction to a particular substance are also at higher risk of developing anaphylaxis when exposed to that same substance again.
How Can Anaphylaxis be Prevented?
The best way to prevent anaphylaxis is to avoid exposure to known allergens. It is important for people with known allergies to carry an epinephrine auto-injector (such as an EpiPen) at all times in case of an emergency. If a person does experience an anaphylactic reaction, they should seek medical attention immediately.
