The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstones. Gallstones are hard formations that form in the gallbladder, which is located near the pancreas. When the gallstone blocks the bile duct, the bile builds up in the pancreas and causes inflammation. Other causes of acute pancreatitis include alcohol abuse, certain medications, trauma, viral infections, and genetics. In some cases, the cause of acute pancreatitis is unknown.
Risk Factors
People who are at a higher risk of developing acute pancreatitis include those who:
• Drink alcohol heavily
• Take certain medications
• Have a family history of pancreatitis
• Have certain medical conditions such as high triglycerides, high calcium levels, or an infection
• Have had certain surgeries such as gallbladder or pancreatic surgery
Symptoms
The main symptom of acute pancreatitis is abdominal pain that may be severe and may spread to the back. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, fever, and an increased heart rate. The pain may be worse after eating or drinking.
Diagnosis
To diagnose acute pancreatitis, a doctor will ask about symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle. They may also perform a physical exam and order tests such as blood tests, an ultrasound, or a CT scan.
Treatment
Treatment for acute pancreatitis may include pain medications, antibiotics, IV fluids, and rest. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove gallstones or other blockages. It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment and follow-up care.
