The most effective systemic treatment for atopic dermatitis depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may be treated with topical medications, such as corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, or immunomodulators. For moderate to severe cases, oral medications, such as antihistamines, corticosteroids, azathioprine, or methotrexate, may be recommended. Other potential treatments include phototherapy, biologics, and allergen immunotherapy.
Topical Treatments
Topical treatments are medications that are applied directly to the skin. Corticosteroids are the most common topical treatment for atopic dermatitis, and are available in various strengths and formulations. They work by reducing inflammation and itching. Other topical treatments for atopic dermatitis include calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, and immunomodulators, such as crisaborole.
Oral Treatments
Oral treatments are medications taken by mouth. Antihistamines can be used to reduce itching and inflammation. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, can be used for more severe cases. Azathioprine and methotrexate are immunosuppressant drugs that can be used to reduce the body's immune response.
Phototherapy
Phototherapy is a type of light therapy that uses ultraviolet light to reduce inflammation and itching. It is most commonly used for moderate to severe cases of atopic dermatitis.
Biologics
Biologic treatments are drugs that are made from living organisms, such as bacteria or viruses. They work by targeting specific proteins involved in the immune response. Biologics can be used to reduce inflammation and itching in people with moderate to severe cases of atopic dermatitis.
Allergen Immunotherapy
Allergen immunotherapy is a treatment that involves exposing the body to small doses of an allergen in order to reduce the body's allergic response. This type of treatment is usually used for people who have atopic dermatitis caused by allergies.