The most deadly heart disease is coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease. It is a condition in which the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to a buildup of plaque. This plaque is composed of cholesterol, fat, and other substances. As the plaque grows, it restricts blood flow to the heart, leading to chest pain (angina) and other symptoms. If the plaque ruptures, it can cause a heart attack, a life-threatening medical emergency.
CAD is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for approximately one in every four deaths each year. The risk of developing CAD increases with age, and it is more common in men than in women. Risk factors for CAD include smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, high cholesterol, diabetes, family history of heart disease, and physical inactivity.
The diagnosis of CAD is made through a variety of tests, including a physical exam, laboratory tests, imaging tests, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment of CAD includes lifestyle modifications, medications, and, in some cases, surgery. Lifestyle modifications include quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly. Medications used to treat CAD include statins, ACE inhibitors, and beta blockers. Surgery may be recommended if lifestyle modifications and medications are not effective.
CAD can be prevented by making lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, eating a healthy diet, and maintaining a healthy weight. People at high risk for CAD, such as those with diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol, should talk to their doctor about ways to reduce their risk of developing the disease.