The most common reason for ASCUS (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) is the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a virus that is spread through sexual contact and is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. It is estimated that at least 50 percent of sexually active individuals have been exposed to HPV at some point in their life.
In addition to HPV, other potential causes of ASCUS include other viral infections, such as herpes, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. Other causes can include smoking, excessive sun exposure, and chemical exposure.
ASCUS is typically detected through a Pap smear, which is a test that examines cells from the cervix to check for any abnormal changes. HPV is most commonly detected through the presence of ASCUS. If ASCUS is detected, further testing is typically ordered to determine if the cells are caused by HPV or another condition.
In most cases, ASCUS caused by HPV will resolve itself with time. However, it is important to note that HPV can cause cervical cancer if left untreated, so it is important to follow up with any abnormal Pap smear results. Treatment may include monitoring, medications, or even surgery, depending on the severity of the condition.