Malnutrition is an umbrella term for a range of conditions caused by an inadequate or unbalanced diet. It is a major health issue worldwide, affecting people of all ages. The most common forms of malnutrition are undernutrition, protein-energy malnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies.
Undernutrition
Undernutrition, also known as undernourishment, is the most common form of malnutrition, and is caused by a diet that is low in calories and essential nutrients. It can lead to stunting, wasting, and other health complications. Children are particularly vulnerable to undernutrition, as their bodies are still growing and developing.
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a condition caused by a lack of protein and energy in the diet. It can lead to stunting, wasting, and other health complications. PEM is most common among young children in developing countries, due to poverty and food insecurity.
Micronutrient Deficiencies
Micronutrient deficiencies, also known as hidden hunger, are caused by a lack of essential vitamins and minerals in the diet. These deficiencies can lead to a variety of health complications, including anemia, blindness, and mental retardation. Young children and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.