The most common hemolytic disease is known as hemolytic anemia. Hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced. This accelerated destruction of red blood cells can be caused by a variety of conditions, including inherited disorders, autoimmune diseases, infections, and certain medications.
Causes of Hemolytic Anemia
The most common cause of hemolytic anemia is an inherited disorder known as sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder in which red blood cells take on an abnormal, crescent-shaped form. This abnormal shape causes the cells to be destroyed more quickly than normal, leading to a buildup of red blood cell breakdown products in the bloodstream.
Other causes of hemolytic anemia include autoimmune disorders such as immune thrombocytopenia, certain infections (e.g. malaria, babesiosis), and certain medications (e.g. penicillin, sulfonamides).
Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia
Common symptoms of hemolytic anemia include fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin, rapid heart rate, and dark urine. Hemolytic anemia can also lead to complications such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), gallstones, and heart failure.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemolytic Anemia
Hemolytic anemia is typically diagnosed with a combination of blood tests, imaging studies, and other tests. Treatment for hemolytic anemia typically involves managing the underlying condition that is causing the accelerated destruction of red blood cells. For example, if the underlying cause is an inherited disorder, a person may be prescribed blood transfusions or medications to help manage the disorder.
