Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that can lead to tooth loss and damage to the surrounding tissue. The most common cause of periodontitis is poor oral hygiene, which allows bacteria to accumulate and form plaque on the teeth and gums. Plaque is a sticky film that forms on the teeth and gums and, if left untreated, can harden into a substance called tartar. This tartar can cause inflammation and infection of the gums and can eventually lead to periodontitis.
Other causes of periodontitis include smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes, medications, and a family history of the condition. Smoking can increase the risk of periodontitis by making it harder for the gum tissue to heal, and diabetes can lead to a higher concentration of bacteria in the mouth. Hormonal fluctuations can cause the gums to become more sensitive, making them more prone to infection. Certain medications, such as oral contraceptives, can also contribute to periodontitis. Finally, genetics may play a role in the development of periodontitis; some people may be genetically predisposed to the condition.
No matter the cause, periodontitis can be prevented through proper oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing twice a day, and regular dental visits. If the condition is caught early enough, it can be treated and reversed. If left untreated, however, periodontitis can lead to serious dental complications and even tooth loss.