Mycetoma is an infection caused by fungi or bacteria. The most common cause of mycetoma is infection by Actinomyces species, which are a type of fungus-like bacteria. Other organisms that can cause mycetoma include fungi such as Aspergillus, Curvularia, Fonsecaea, and Pseudallescheria, as well as bacteria such as Nocardia and Streptomyces. Mycetoma is usually found in tropical and subtropical regions. It is most common in Africa, India, and South and Central America.
Signs and Symptoms
The symptoms of mycetoma vary depending on the type of organism causing the infection. Generally, the infection causes a slow-growing lump or mass that may be filled with pus, blood, or a cheesy material. The lump may be painful or tender to the touch, and it may be red, yellow, or black. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, joint pain, weight loss, and fatigue.
Diagnosis
Mycetoma is often diagnosed based on physical examination and laboratory tests. X-rays or other imaging tests may be used to confirm the diagnosis. A sample of the infected tissue may be taken and examined under a microscope to identify the type of organism causing the infection.
Treatment
Treatment for mycetoma depends on the type of organism causing the infection. Antibiotics or antifungals may be used to treat bacterial or fungal infections, respectively. Surgery may be necessary to remove the infected tissue. In some cases, a combination of medications and surgery may be necessary.