Anorectal anomalies are relatively common birth defects that involve problems with the rectum, anus, or both. The most common anorectal anomaly is imperforate anus, which occurs when the rectum and anus don't form properly during fetal development. Other common anorectal anomalies include anal stenosis, rectourethral fistula, and rectovaginal fistula.
Impact of Imperforate Anus
Impairment of the anorectal area can cause a range of physical and functional problems. These include difficulty controlling bowel movements, problems with urination, and constipation. People with imperforate anus may also experience recurrent urinary tract infections, incontinence, and rectal prolapse. If not treated promptly, anorectal anomalies can lead to serious complications such as urinary retention, fecal incontinence, and even sepsis.
Treatment for Anorectal Anomalies
Treatment for anorectal anomalies depends on the severity and type of the defect. In some cases, minor surgery may be all that is needed to correct the problem, while in other cases more extensive surgery may be required. Treatment may also involve medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.
Prevention of Anorectal Anomalies
Prevention of anorectal anomalies is difficult, as they are caused by genetic mutations. However, some cases may be prevented through proper prenatal care. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should speak to their doctor about any potential risk factors and discuss ways to reduce the chances of an anorectal anomaly in their child.