Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own red blood cells (RBCs). This process is known as hemolysis, and it can lead to anemia and other serious health problems. The exact cause of AIHA is unknown, but it is believed to be triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Causes of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
AIHA is caused by an overactive immune system that produces antibodies that attack and destroy the body's own RBCs. This process is known as autoantibody-mediated hemolysis. The exact cause of this abnormal immune response is unknown, but it is believed to be related to genetic and environmental factors.
Diagnosis of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
AIHA is diagnosed based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. A complete blood count (CBC) is usually performed to measure the levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Additional tests, such as a reticulocyte count, may also be ordered to determine the rate of red blood cell destruction. Imaging studies, such as an ultrasound or MRI, may be performed to rule out other causes of anemia.
Treatment of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Treatment of AIHA depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Treatment may include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and/or blood transfusions. In some cases, a splenectomy (surgical removal of the spleen) may be necessary. The goal of treatment is to reduce the destruction of RBCs and to maintain a healthy red blood cell count.
