Pancreatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. The majority of pancreatitis cases are due to alcohol abuse, gallstones, medications, or trauma.
Alcohol Abuse
Alcohol abuse is the most common cause of pancreatitis, accounting for approximately 70% of all cases. Alcohol abuse can damage the pancreas and reduce its ability to produce digestive enzymes, leading to inflammation. Long-term alcohol abuse can also lead to scarring and destruction of the pancreas, known as chronic pancreatitis.
Gallstones
Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile that can form in the gallbladder. If the gallstones become lodged in the ducts that connect the pancreas and gallbladder, they can block the normal flow of digestive juices and cause inflammation of the pancreas. Gallstones are the second most common cause of pancreatitis, accounting for approximately 20% of cases.
Medications
Certain medications, such as steroids and some antibiotics, can increase the risk of pancreatitis. These medications can interfere with the normal functioning of the pancreas, leading to inflammation. Medications are responsible for approximately 5% of pancreatitis cases.
Trauma
Trauma, such as a blow to the abdomen, can cause inflammation and swelling of the pancreas. This type of pancreatitis is rare, accounting for approximately 5% of cases.