The main test for autoimmune disease varies depending on the type of disease being tested for. Common tests for autoimmune diseases include:
Blood Tests
Blood tests can help identify antibodies to specific cells or organs in the body, which can be indicative of an autoimmune disorder. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) tests can detect the presence of antibodies that attack the body’s own cells, and can be used to diagnose systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. Other blood tests may be used to measure levels of inflammation in the body, or to measure levels of specific hormones or proteins that are associated with certain autoimmune diseases.
Imaging Tests
Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans can provide images of the body’s internal structures and organs. These tests can help diagnose autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, which often affects the joints, or multiple sclerosis, which can affect the brain and spinal cord.
Biopsy
In some cases, a doctor may order a biopsy to diagnose an autoimmune disease. During a biopsy, a small piece of tissue is removed from the affected area and examined for signs of inflammation or other changes that are associated with autoimmune disorders.
Genetic Tests
Genetic testing may be used to diagnose certain types of autoimmune diseases. Genetic tests can identify specific genetic mutations that are associated with certain autoimmune diseases.
