Penile cancer is a rare form of cancer that affects the penis. Although the exact causes of the disease are not yet known, there are some factors that can increase the risk of developing it. The main risk factor for penile cancer is infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Other risk factors include having multiple sexual partners, smoking, poor hygiene, and being uncircumcised.
HPV Infection
HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) and is a major risk factor for penile cancer. HPV is a group of viruses that can cause genital warts and other types of cancer. HPV infection is very common, but most people never develop any symptoms or health problems. However, some types of HPV can cause changes in the cells of the penis that can lead to cancer.
Multiple Sexual Partners
Having multiple sexual partners increases the risk of HPV infection and, therefore, the risk of penile cancer. People who have had more than five sexual partners are more likely to develop the disease than those who have had fewer.
Smoking
Smoking increases the risk of developing penile cancer. Tobacco contains chemicals that can damage the cells of the penis, which increases the risk of developing cancer.
Poor Hygiene
Poor hygiene can also increase the risk of penile cancer. Not washing the penis regularly and not changing underwear can increase the risk of HPV infection and, therefore, the risk of penile cancer.
Uncircumcised
Being uncircumcised can also increase the risk of penile cancer. The foreskin may trap bacteria and make it more difficult to keep the penis clean. This can increase the risk of HPV infection and the development of penile cancer.
Overall, the main cause of penile cancer is HPV infection. Other risk factors include having multiple sexual partners, smoking, poor hygiene, and being uncircumcised. It is important to practice safe sex, quit smoking, and maintain good hygiene to reduce the risk of developing this disease.