Deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, is a potentially serious medical condition in which a blood clot forms in the deep veins of the body, usually in the legs. DVT can lead to pulmonary embolism, a dangerous blockage of the lung arteries that can cause death if not treated promptly.
What Causes Deep Vein Thrombosis?
The most common cause of DVT is prolonged immobility. When people remain in a single position for a long period of time, such as in a car, airplane, bed or wheelchair, their blood flow can slow down. When this happens, the blood can clot more easily. Other risk factors include:
Age: DVT is more common in people over the age of 60.
Surgery: Certain types of surgery, such as hip or knee replacement surgery, can increase the risk of DVT.
Obesity: Being overweight can increase the risk of DVT.
Cancer: Certain types of cancer increase the risk of DVT.
Pregnancy: Pregnant women are more likely to develop DVT.
Medications: Certain medications, such as birth control pills, can make blood clot more easily.
Smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of DVT.
How is Deep Vein Thrombosis Diagnosed?
DVT is usually diagnosed with a physical exam and medical history. Imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or MRI, may also be used to diagnose DVT. Your doctor may also order blood tests to look for markers of DVT.
How is Deep Vein Thrombosis Treated?
Treatment for DVT usually involves medications to thin the blood and prevent further clotting. In some cases, a device may be inserted into the vein to break up the clot. Surgery may also be necessary to remove the clot.
In some cases, lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk of DVT. Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding long periods of sitting or standing can all help. Quitting smoking can also reduce the risk.