The main cause of cystitis, also known as bladder inflammation, is usually an infection. This infection is usually caused by bacteria. Bacteria can enter the bladder through the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. In some cases, cystitis can also be caused by a virus, fungus, or chemical irritation.
The most common type of bacteria that causes cystitis is Escherichia coli or E. coli. This type of bacteria is normally found in the gastrointestinal tract, but it can also travel up the urethra and into the bladder where it can cause an infection. Other types of bacteria that can cause cystitis include Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis.
In some cases, cystitis can be caused by a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Some of the most common STIs that can cause cystitis include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis. These infections can be spread through sexual contact, and they can cause inflammation or irritation of the bladder.
Finally, cystitis can also be caused by a non-infectious irritation or inflammation of the bladder. This can be caused by certain medications, such as antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs, or by other substances, such as soaps, detergents, and perfumes. In some cases, cystitis can also be caused by a foreign object, such as a catheter, that has been left in the bladder for too long.
No matter what the cause, cystitis can be very uncomfortable and can cause a range of symptoms, including a burning sensation when urinating, an urgent need to urinate, and pelvic pain. If you think you have cystitis, it is important to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.