Astigmatism is an eye condition that affects the shape of the cornea, which is the clear front surface of the eye. Astigmatism can cause blurred vision and can occur at any age. It is typically a lifelong condition, though it can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery.
Causes of Astigmatism
The primary cause of astigmatism is an irregularly shaped cornea. The cornea should be curved like a basketball, but in people with astigmatism, it is shaped more like an American football. This irregular shape prevents light from entering the eye in a single focal point, which causes blurred vision.
Astigmatism can also be caused by the curvature of the lens inside the eye, or by the shape of the eye itself. In some cases, astigmatism is present at birth, and in others, it develops later in life. It can also be caused by a number of eye conditions, such as keratoconus or a scar on the cornea.
Risk Factors for Astigmatism
There are a few factors that can increase the risk of developing astigmatism. These include a family history of the condition, certain eye diseases, and a history of eye trauma or injury.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Astigmatism
Astigmatism is usually diagnosed during a comprehensive eye exam. The doctor will use a series of tests to measure the shape of the cornea and determine the degree of astigmatism.
Treatment for astigmatism usually involves prescription glasses or contact lenses. In some cases, laser vision correction surgery may be an option. This type of surgery reshapes the cornea, allowing light to enter the eye in a single focal point and improving vision.