Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an immune-mediated disorder that occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own red blood cells. Initial treatment for AIHA typically involves medications such as steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, or rituximab. In some cases, a blood transfusion may be required.
Steroid Treatment
Steroid medications are the most commonly prescribed treatment for AIHA. Steroids work to suppress the body's immune system, preventing it from attacking the red blood cells. Steroids can be taken orally in pill form or injected directly into a vein. Commonly prescribed steroid medications for AIHA include prednisone and methylprednisolone.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a blood product made from donated blood that contains antibodies from healthy donors. IVIG works to boost the body's immune system and can help reduce the number of red blood cells destroyed by the body's own immune system. IVIG is usually given by intravenous infusion, and the dose and frequency of administration will depend on the severity of the AIHA.
Rituximab
Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody medication that targets and destroys B-cells, which are part of the body's immune system. By targeting and destroying B-cells, rituximab reduces the body's ability to attack its own red blood cells. Rituximab is usually administered as an intravenous infusion and may be used in cases of AIHA that are resistant to other treatments.
Blood Transfusion
In some cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary to treat AIHA. Blood transfusions can help to replace the red blood cells that have been destroyed by the body's own immune system. The transfused red blood cells will also be compatible with the patient's own cells, preventing any further immune reactions.
