Aplastic anemia is a type of blood disorder that occurs when the body's bone marrow fails to produce enough new blood cells. The hallmark of aplastic anemia is a decrease in all three types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, are responsible for transporting oxygen to the body's tissues and organs. When there is a decrease in the production of red blood cells, the body becomes anemic, resulting in fatigue, dizziness, and difficulty breathing.
White blood cells, or leukocytes, are the body's primary defense against infection. A decrease in white blood cells can make a person more susceptible to infection and reduce their ability to fight off disease.
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are responsible for helping the blood to clot and prevent excessive bleeding. A decrease in the production of platelets can make a person more prone to bruising and bleeding.
In addition to the decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, aplastic anemia can also cause other symptoms such as fever, chills, and fatigue. Treatment for aplastic anemia typically involves medications, blood transfusions, or a bone marrow transplant.