Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by a deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone hormones. These hormones are typically produced by the adrenal glands located above the kidneys. The hallmark of Addison's disease is an inability to produce the hormones cortisol and aldosterone, resulting in symptoms including fatigue, weight loss, muscle weakness, low blood pressure, salt cravings, and darkening of the skin in areas exposed to the sun.
The hallmark of Addison's disease is an inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone, which can lead to a wide range of symptoms. Common symptoms of Addison's disease include fatigue and weakness, weight loss, low blood pressure, salt cravings, and darkening of the skin in areas exposed to the sun. Other symptoms can include abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, and low blood sugar.
Diagnosis of Addison's disease is usually done through a combination of blood tests, imaging tests, and a physical exam. Blood tests can measure the levels of cortisol and aldosterone in the body and can help to confirm a diagnosis. Imaging tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan may be used to check for any abnormalities in the adrenal glands. A physical exam can be used to check for signs of Addison's disease such as darkening of the skin or low blood pressure.
Treatment of Addison's disease typically involves taking daily medications to replace the hormones that the adrenal glands cannot produce. These medications can help to manage symptoms and prevent complications. A healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, is also important for managing symptoms and maintaining overall health.