The gold standard for diagnosis of aplastic anemia is a bone marrow biopsy which is conducted to assess the hematopoietic cells present in the bone marrow. This test is typically used to diagnose aplastic anemia and other diseases of the bone marrow, such as leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. The biopsy involves taking a sample of bone marrow from the patient and examining it under a microscope to assess the presence or absence of hematopoietic cells.
The biopsy results are then used to determine the type and severity of aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is diagnosed when the bone marrow sample shows a decreased number of hematopoietic cells. The diagnosis is further confirmed by a peripheral blood smear test and a complete blood count (CBC). The peripheral blood smear test is used to assess the size, shape, and number of blood cells. The CBC is used to measure the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood.
In addition to the bone marrow biopsy, other tests such as a physical examination, a complete blood count, and a peripheral blood smear test may be performed to rule out other possible causes of anemia. A physical examination may reveal signs of anemia such as pale skin, shortness of breath, fatigue, and weakness. A complete blood count may show a decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. A peripheral blood smear test may show an abnormally shaped red blood cell or white blood cell.
The gold standard for diagnosis of aplastic anemia is a bone marrow biopsy. The results of a bone marrow biopsy, along with other tests, can help to accurately diagnose aplastic anemia and determine the best treatment options for the patient.