Adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder, is a common condition that causes pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. The gold standard for treatment of adhesive capsulitis is a combination of physical therapy, steroid injections, and, in severe cases, surgery.
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for adhesive capsulitis. The goal of physical therapy is to reduce pain, restore range of motion, and improve shoulder function. It typically consists of stretching exercises, range of motion exercises, and strengthening exercises. The exercises are tailored to the individual patient's needs, and the physical therapist may also use heat, cold, electrical stimulation, and massage to help reduce pain and stiffness.
Steroid Injections
Steroid injections can be used to reduce inflammation and improve range of motion in the shoulder. They are typically given as a single injection or, in some cases, as a series of injections. Steroid injections can provide immediate relief but their effects are usually short-term.
Surgery
Surgery may be recommended in cases of severe adhesive capsulitis that does not respond to physical therapy and steroid injections. The goal of surgery is to release the adhesions in the shoulder joint and restore full range of motion. The type of surgery used will depend on the severity of the condition.