Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a type of arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat, that can cause palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue, as well as an increased risk of stroke and congestive heart failure. The goal of treatment for AF is to reduce symptoms, prevent complications, and ultimately restore normal sinus rhythm.
The first-line treatment for AF is often focused on lifestyle modifications, such as reducing stress, getting adequate sleep, and exercising regularly. Additionally, doctors may recommend avoiding certain triggers, such as caffeine and alcohol, that can exacerbate symptoms.
If lifestyle modifications are not enough to control AF, doctors may prescribe medications to regulate the heartbeat and help restore normal sinus rhythm. Examples of such medications include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and anticoagulants. These medications can help reduce the risk of stroke and other complications associated with AF.
In some cases, catheter ablation may be recommended. This procedure involves passing a catheter through a vein in the groin to the heart, where it is used to apply energy to the affected area and create a scar. This scar prevents abnormal electrical signals from traveling through the heart, restoring normal rhythm.
Finally, if all other treatments have failed, doctors may suggest a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). These devices are implanted under the skin and use electrical impulses to restore normal rhythm.
In summary, the first-line treatment for AF is often lifestyle modifications and medications designed to regulate the heartbeat and restore normal rhythm. If these treatments are not effective, catheter ablation or a pacemaker or ICD may be recommended.