Hemolytic disease is a medical condition in which red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed faster than they can be replaced by the body, leading to anemia and other health problems. The condition is caused by an immune system response in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy its own RBCs. The primary effect of hemolytic disease is anemia, which can cause fatigue, dizziness, headaches, pale skin, and other symptoms.
Causes of Hemolytic Disease
Hemolytic disease is caused by a variety of factors, including genetic disorders, blood transfusions, infections, and exposure to certain medications or toxins. In some cases, the cause is unknown. It is important to note that hemolytic disease is not contagious.
Symptoms of Hemolytic Disease
The primary symptom of hemolytic disease is anemia, which can cause fatigue, dizziness, headaches, pale skin, and other symptoms. In severe cases, other symptoms may include shortness of breath, chest pain, jaundice, and swelling of the hands, feet, and face.
Diagnosis of Hemolytic Disease
Hemolytic disease can be diagnosed with a physical exam and blood tests. In some cases, additional tests, such as a bone marrow biopsy, may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis.
Treatment of Hemolytic Disease
Treatment for hemolytic disease depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, medications such as steroids or immunosuppressants may be used to suppress the immune system and reduce the destruction of RBCs. In severe cases, blood transfusions or bone marrow transplants may be necessary.
