Retinoblastoma is a type of eye cancer that is most common in young children. The disease affects the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye. The earliest symptom of retinoblastoma is usually a white pupil or a white reflection in the pupil, seen when a bright light shines on the eye. Other symptoms can include a red eye, eye pain, blurred vision, and a decrease in vision.
Diagnosis of Retinoblastoma
To diagnose retinoblastoma, an ophthalmologist will examine the eye with an ophthalmoscope and use imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans to look for signs of the disease. The doctor may also take a sample of the eye's fluid or tissue to be tested for cancer cells. If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, additional tests may be needed.
Treatment of Retinoblastoma
Treatment for retinoblastoma depends on the size of the tumor, its location, and if it has spread to other parts of the body. Common treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, cryotherapy, and surgery. In some cases, the entire eye may need to be removed.
Prevention of Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma is caused by a genetic mutation, so there is no way to prevent it. However, early diagnosis and treatment can increase the chances of a successful outcome. Regular eye exams are important for early detection of any eye condition, including retinoblastoma.