The earliest marker to rise in acute pancreatitis is the amylase. Amylase is an enzyme that is produced by the pancreas and is released into the blood in response to inflammation. An elevated amylase level in the blood is the most reliable marker for acute pancreatitis. Other markers such as lipase and serum trypsinogen may also be elevated, but the amylase is the most reliable.
What Causes Amylase Levels to Rise in Acute Pancreatitis?
The primary cause of elevated amylase levels in acute pancreatitis is a blockage in the pancreatic ducts. This blockage can be caused by gallstones, alcohol abuse, drugs, or trauma. The blockage prevents the pancreatic enzymes from entering the duodenum, where they are normally secreted. As a result, these enzymes leak out into the blood, causing an increase in amylase levels.
How Is Amylase Used to Diagnose Acute Pancreatitis?
The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is usually made based on clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. An elevated amylase level is the most reliable marker for acute pancreatitis. A normal amylase level does not exclude the possibility of acute pancreatitis, but it is less likely. Other tests such as lipase, serum trypsinogen, and imaging studies may also be used to confirm the diagnosis.
How Is Amylase Treated in Acute Pancreatitis?
Treatment for acute pancreatitis depends on the cause and severity of the condition. Generally, treatment will involve supportive care, pain management, and treating the underlying cause. In some cases, surgery may be necessary. In any case, the goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation and stop the amylase levels from rising.
