Actinomycosis is a rare but serious bacterial infection that can affect the mouth, lungs, abdomen, and other areas of the body. It is caused by a group of bacteria known as actinomycetes, which are found in soil, dust, and saliva. The bacteria enter the body through breaks in the skin or through contaminated objects.
The most common symptom of actinomycosis is a lump or abscess in the affected area. This lump may be tender, red, and warm to the touch, and may grow slowly over time. Other symptoms may include fever, chills, fatigue, and weight loss. Depending on the location of the infection, additional symptoms may include coughing up blood, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
Diagnosis of actinomycosis is typically made through a combination of laboratory tests and imaging studies. A sample of the infected tissue may be taken for laboratory analysis. Imaging studies such as an x-ray or CT scan may also be used to look for signs of infection.
Treatment for actinomycosis usually involves a combination of antibiotics and surgical removal of the infected tissues. The antibiotics used to treat actinomycosis are typically given for several weeks or months. Surgery may be necessary to remove the infected tissues and clear out any abscesses that have formed.
If left untreated, actinomycosis can spread to other parts of the body and cause severe damage. In some cases, it can be fatal. It is important to seek prompt medical attention if you think you may have actinomycosis. Early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the risk of serious complications.