The disadvantages of spleen removal depend largely on the patient and the reason for the removal. Generally, however, the primary disadvantage of spleen removal is the increased risk of infection.
The spleen plays an important role in the body's natural immunity, filtering out foreign bodies, such as bacteria and viruses, and producing a special type of white blood cell that helps fight infection. Without a spleen, the body is much less able to defend against disease-causing organisms, which can lead to serious and even life-threatening infections. Patients who have had their spleen removed require vaccinations against certain diseases and antibiotics prior to certain medical procedures.
Another disadvantage of spleen removal is the reduced ability to filter out old or damaged red blood cells, which can lead to anemia. Anemia occurs when there are not enough healthy red blood cells in the body to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. Symptoms can include fatigue, shortness of breath, and pale skin.
Another potential disadvantage of spleen removal is the risk of digestive problems. The spleen helps to regulate the body's immune system and digestion. Without a spleen, the body is unable to process certain proteins in food, which can lead to digestive issues such as diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain.
Finally, spleen removal can lead to an increased risk of certain cancers, such as lymphoma and leukemia. The spleen plays an important role in the regulation of the body's immune system, and without it, the body is more vulnerable to these types of cancers.
In summary, the primary disadvantage of spleen removal is the increased risk of infection, as well as an increased risk of anemia, digestive problems, and certain types of cancer. Patients who have had their spleen removed should be sure to follow their doctor's instructions for vaccinations and antibiotics, in order to reduce their risk of infection.