Arterial thrombosis is a condition in which a blood clot, or thrombus, forms inside an artery. It can cause ischemia, or decreased blood flow, leading to tissue death. Common differential diagnoses for arterial thrombosis may include atherosclerosis, hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, hyperlipidemia, vasculitis, atrial fibrillation, trauma, vascular malformations, and smoking. Other less common causes may include antiphospholipid syndrome, hypercoagulable states, polycythemia, and drug use. Determining the exact cause of arterial thrombosis requires a comprehensive medical evaluation, with additional testing such as blood work, imaging, and physical examination to rule out other potential causes.