Arterial embolism and thromboembolism are closely related medical conditions. Both involve the formation of a clot, or thrombus, that blocks or obstructs the flow of blood in the arteries.
The main difference between arterial embolism and thromboembolism is the location of the clot. Arterial embolism occurs when a clot forms in an artery, whereas thromboembolism occurs when a clot forms in a vein and then travels to an artery.
Arterial embolism is more common than thromboembolism, and it can be caused by a variety of factors, including age, genetics, lifestyle, and medical conditions. The most common cause of arterial embolism is atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. Other causes include high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, and a history of smoking.
Thromboembolism is less common than arterial embolism but can be more serious. The most common cause of thromboembolism is deep vein thrombosis, or DVT. This is a condition in which a clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg. The clot then travels to an artery, where it can cause a blockage that can lead to tissue death, organ failure, and even death. Other causes of thromboembolism include a prolonged immobility, such as a long plane ride or a hospital stay, and some types of cancer.
Both arterial embolism and thromboembolism can be life-threatening conditions. The symptoms of these conditions include chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, and coldness and numbness in the affected area. Treatment for both conditions usually involves anticoagulants to prevent further clotting, and in some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the clot.