Haemolysis is a condition in which red blood cells are damaged due to a variety of causes. It can be caused by inherited or acquired conditions, such as infections, toxins, autoimmune disorders, certain medications, or physical trauma. Diagnosing haemolysis can be difficult as the symptoms are often non-specific and may be due to other causes.
Diagnostic Tests for Haemolysis
The diagnosis of haemolysis is based on a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies.
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
A complete blood count (CBC) is a test that measures the number of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets in a sample of blood. It is used to diagnose anemia, which is often associated with haemolysis.
Blood Smear
A blood smear is a microscopic examination of a sample of blood. It is used to evaluate the size and shape of the red blood cells, as well as to look for any signs of haemolysis such as fragmented red cells.
Reticulocyte Count
A reticulocyte count is a test that measures the percentage of young red blood cells in the bloodstream. It is used to determine the rate of red cell production and destruction in the body. An increased reticulocyte count is a sign that the body is attempting to replace the damaged red cells and is often seen in cases of haemolysis.
Blood Tests for Enzyme Activity
Blood tests for enzyme activity are used to measure the levels of certain enzymes in the bloodstream. These enzymes are important for the breakdown of haemoglobin, the iron-containing protein in red cells. An increase in the activity of certain enzymes is a sign of haemolysis.
Liver Function Tests
Liver function tests measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins in the blood, which can be elevated in cases of haemolysis.
Imaging Studies
Imaging studies, such as ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI scans, can be used to evaluate any underlying causes of haemolysis, such as a tumor or blockage of the blood vessels.
Other Tests
Other tests, such as genetic testing and flow cytometry, may also be used to diagnose haemolysis.
