The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is a laboratory test used to detect antibodies or complement proteins attached to red blood cells (RBCs). It is commonly used to diagnose autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), a condition in which antibodies attach to RBCs and cause them to be destroyed faster than they can be replaced. The DAT is also used to detect other causes of hemolytic anemia, such as certain infections and drug reactions.
What Does the DAT Test Involve?
The DAT test involves mixing the patient's serum (the liquid part of the blood) with their red blood cells in a test tube. If antibodies or complement proteins are present, they will bind to the RBCs and form clumps. These clumps can be seen under a microscope, indicating a positive test result.
How Is the DAT Test Used to Diagnose AIHA?
The DAT test is used to diagnose AIHA by detecting antibodies or complement proteins attached to RBCs. If the test is positive, it indicates that antibodies are present and that the patient has AIHA.
What Other Tests Are Used to Diagnose AIHA?
In addition to the DAT test, other tests are used to diagnose AIHA. These include a complete blood count (CBC) to measure the number of RBCs and a reticulocyte count to measure the number of immature RBCs. An indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) may also be used to detect antibodies that are not bound to RBCs.
